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Friday, February 3, 2012

Histology and Explanation of Chronic Inflamation


Chronic inflammation is a long lasting inflammation (weeks or months) due to persistent aggressive stimuli and is characterized by: active inflammation with mononuclear cells, tissue destruction and repair. It can follow acute inflammation or can be chronic right from the beginning.
Types of chronic inflammation : unspecific (e.g. : chronic peptic ulcer) and specific (granulomatous).
According to the mechanism, granulomatous inflammation may be: immune type (tuberculosis, sarcoidosis) and non-immune type (foreign body reaction).
Classification of granulomatous inflammation, according to the etiology :
  1. Infectious granuloma :
    • Bacterial :
      • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Koch bacillus) - Tuberculosis
      • Mycobacterium leprae - Leprosy
      • Treponema pallidum - Syphilis
      • Gram-positive bacillus (Actinomyces israeli) - Actinomycosis
      • Gram-negative bacillus (Bartonella henselae) - Cat-scratch disease
    • Parasitic :
      • Toxoplasma gondii - Toxoplasmosis
      • Helminths - Cysticercosis
    • Fungi (Candida albicans) - Candidiasis
  2. Foreign body granuloma
  3. Unknown etiology granuloma :
    • Sarcoidosis
    • Crohn's disease
Examples:
  1. Tuberculus Lymphadenitis (Tuberculous Granuloma)
  2. Pulmonary Tuberculosis
  3. Foreign Body Granuloma
  4. Sarcoidosis

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