Ulcerative colitis(pathology)

sponsored links

---

Ulcerative colitis.

limited to the mucosa and submucosa

begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a continuous fashion

migratory polyarthritis, sacroiliitis, ankylosing spondylitis, uveitis, erythema nodosum, and hepatic involvement (pericholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis

Differences from Crohn’s disease

Well-formed granulomas are absent.

There are no skip lesions.

The mucosal ulcers rarely extend below the submucosa.

Mural thickening does not occur

high risk of carcinoma development

Morphology of UC:

rectum and sigmoid are invariably involved and may involve the entire colon-pancolitis

hyperemia, edema, and granularity with friability and easy bleeding

islands of regenerating mucosa bulge upward to create pseudopolyps

pericolonic abscess formation

Exposure of the muscularis propria and neural plexus to fecal material also may lead to complete shutdown of neuromuscular function-toxic megacolon

M/E

A diffuse, predominantly mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria

crypt abscesses due to neutrophils

In late stages, granulation tissue fills in the ulcer craters, followed by regeneration of the mucosal epithelium

Submucosal fibrosis and mucosal architectural disarray and atrophy remain

Clinical features and complications:

mucoid diarrhea that may persist for days, weeks, or months and then subside, only to recur

Complications

severe diarrhea and electrolyte derangements

massive hemorrhage

severe colonic dilation (toxic megacolon) with potential rupture

perforation with peritonitis

Inflammatory strictures of the colorectum-must be differentiated from cancer.

sequential mucosal changes from dysplasia to invasive carcinoma- surveillance with repeated colonoscopies and multiple biopsies aimed at detecting dysplasia for possible prophylactic colectomy.

Crypt Abscess

Toxic Megacolon

The First and Only Livivg Man With out Heart

sponsored links

---

Although every part of our body is important but there are many organs which are vital for human Life too, and Heart is one of them. The function of heart is to pump all the blood along with Oxygen to every single part of the body.
No heart or a dead heart in body means there is no Life remaining in the body but Mr. Craig Lewis of USA amazingly living without his Heart but an artificial heart. This artificial heart has no pulse but it is pumping blood like the real heart do.

What really happened:

Mr. Craig Lewis, a 55 year old man from USA faced a medical problem with his heart that was building abnormal proteins and he was about to die soon. He had just 12 hour left in his life and even no pacemaker could work in his body to let his heart function properly and save his life but two doctors from Texas accepted the challenge to save his life.

Who are the Doctors:

Dr. Oscar Howard Frazier Jr. the director of Cardiovascular Surgery Research at the Texas Heart Institute with a 25 years of experience. He has performed some 1,100 heart transplants as well as he implanted about 700 left ventricular assist device (no other surgeon in the world has reached this figure yet). His precious and dedicated work has bring the Texas Heart Institute on top of the list with some other transplantation support programs in the world.

Dr. Billy Cohen, the cardiothoracic Surgeon and the Director of Minimally Invasive Surgical Technology at the Texas Heart Institute with the experience of about 13 years. He has patented about 30 medical devices and many of them are now being used in heart surgeries around the world.







How they did it:

Both of these doctors had already developed such device that pumps the blood like a real heart and can replace the heart in severe medical conditions and they installed and tested it on about 50 calves after removing their hearts which was successful. On the very next day of the calves’ surgeries, these animals were doing everything without their pumping heart just like they were doing it with their natural heart.

In March 2011, after reviewing Mr. Lewis case they proposed the same solution for him and after taking permission from his wife Linda they installed this device in his chest and the next day Mr. Lewis was fine and shine.
The device started circulating blood in his body and he was able to speak to his doctors on next day of his surgery. Now, he no longer has pulse and no one can listen his heartbeat with a stethoscope.